Ngā Ārai MuraTe Tuarua o ngā Tāpiringa Rapa me te Kirihou Nui rawa atu
Ārai muraHe mea āwhina te FR hei ārai i te mura o ngā rauemi, hei ārai hoki i te horapa o te ahi. Ko te nuinga o te whakamahinga he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi polymer. Nā te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hangai me te whakapainga haere o ngā paerewa tiaki ahi, he whānui te whakamahinga o ngā ārai mura ki ngā kirihou, ki te rapa, ki ngā paninga, me ētahi atu. E ai ki ngā matū matua whai hua o te FR, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā wāhanga: ngā ārai mura kore-waro, ngā ārai mura halogenated waro me ngā ārai mura phosphorus waro.
Ngā aukati mura kore-waroHe mahi ā-tinana, he iti te whai huatanga, he nui hoki te tāpiri. He pānga tōna ki te mahi a ngā rauemi. Heoi, nā te iti o te utu, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā hua iti te utu me ngā whakaritenga mahi iti, pērā i te kirihou PE, PVC, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, tangohia te konumohe hauwai (ATH). Ka maroke, ka pirau i muri i te whakamahanatanga ki te 200 ℃. Ka mimiti te tukanga pirau i te wera me te mimiti wai, kia aukati ai te pikinga o te pāmahana o te rauemi, kia whakaitihia ai te pāmahana o te mata o te rauemi, kia puhoi ai te tere o te tauhohenga pakaru wera. I taua wā anō, ka taea e te mamaoa wai te whakaiti i te kukū hāora me te aukati i te mura. Ka piri te alumina i puta mai i te pirau ki te mata o te rauemi, ka taea ai te aukati i te horapa o te ahi.
Ngā aukati mura halogen waroKo te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te tikanga matū. He teitei tōna whai huatanga, ā, he rite tonu te tāpiritanga ki ngā pūmua. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei i roto i ngā whakarewa hiko, ngā papa hiko tā me ētahi atu wāhanga hiko. Heoi, ka tukuna e rātou he hau paitini me te waikura, ā, he raruraru haumaru me te tiaki taiao.Ngā aukati mura brominated (BFR)he momo ārai mura halogenated te nuinga. Ko tētahi atu kongā ārai ahi raupapa-chloro (CFR)He rite te pāmahana pirau o ēnei rauemi ki te pāmahana pirau o ngā rauemi pūmua. Ina whakamahanatia, ka pirau hoki ngā pūmua, ka tīmata hoki te pirau o ngā BFR, ka tomo ki te rohe mura hau me ngā hua pirau wera, ka aukati i te tauhohenga me te aukati i te horapa o te mura. I taua wā anō, ka kapi te mata o te rauemi i te hau i tukuna hei aukati me te whakapouri i te kukū o te hāora, ā, hei whakamutunga ka whakaroa i te tauhohenga mura kia mutu rā anō. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia ngā BFR me te waikura antimony (ATO). Kāore he ātete mura o te ATO, engari ka taea te mahi hei whakakorikori hei whakatere i te pirau o te pūmua, te haurore rānei.
Ngā aukati mura o te whākawa waro (OPFRs)Ka mahi ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki, he tino whai hua, ā, he iti te paitini, he roa te mau, he nui hoki te utu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e ia te whakapai ake i te rere o te tukatuka o te koranu, te whakarato i te mahi kirihou me te mahi tino pai. Nā te nui haere o ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao, kei te whakakapi haere ngā OPFR i ngā BFR hei hua matua.
Ahakoa kāore e taea e te tāpiri o te FR te ātete katoa i te ahi, ka taea te karo i te āhuatanga "wera tere", te whakaiti i te putanga mai o te ahi, me te whiwhi i te wā mawhiti nui mō te hunga i roto i te wāhi ahi. Mā te whakapakari ake i ngā whakaritenga ā-motu mō te hangarau ārai mura ka whānui ake te tirohanga whanaketanga o ngā FR.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 19-2021